Data Sources

Field phenotyping research sites

Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), Arizona

The Maricopa field site is located at the the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center and USDA Arid Land Research Station in Maricopa, Arizona. At this site, we have deployed the following phenotyping platforms.

• The Lemnatec Scanalyzer Field System is the largest field crop analytics robot in the world. This high-throughput phenotyping field-scanning robot has a 30-ton steel gantry that autonomously moves along two 200-meter steel rails while continuously imaging the crops growing below it with a diverse array of cameras and sensors.

Lemnatec Field Sensors

Description	Camera	Field of View	Technical Data
Hyperspectral Imager	Inspector VNIR	21°	380-1000 nm @ 2/3 nm resolution
Hyperspectral Imager	Inspector SWIR	44.5°	900-2500 nm @ 12 nm resolution
Thermal Infrared	FLIR SC 615	25° x 19°	Thermal Sensitivity < 50mK @ 30C
			Range: -40 to 150 C
Dedicated NDVI (1 down, 1 up)	Skye Multispectral Radiometer		CH1: 650 +/- 3nm
			CH2: 800 +/- 3nm
			Bandwidth: 10nm +/- 3nm
Dedicated PRI Sensor	Skye Radiometer		CH1: 531nm +/- 3nm
PRI = Photochemical Reflectance Index			CH2: 570 +/- 3nm
			Bandwidth: 10nm +/- 3nm
PAR Sensor	Quantum SQ-300	180°	Spectral Range 410 to 655 nm
VNIR Spectrometer (downwelling radiance)	Ocean Optics STS-Vis		Range: 337-824 nm @ 1/2 nm
SWIR Spectrometer (downwelling radiance)	Ocean Optics STS-Vis		800-2500 nm
Laser Scanner	Custom Frauhofer 3D	0.5m width	Resolution: 0.3-0.9 mm
Stereo RGB Cameras	GT3300 C	53°
Active Reflectance	Crop Circle ACS430P		Bands: 670, 730, 780 nm
Fluorescence Measurement	Lemnatec PSII	25° x 19°	PSII Fluorescence Response
			Source: 635nm x 4000umol/m2/s
Environmental Sensors	Thies ClimaSensorD		Wind, Air T, Humidity
			Pressure, Light, Precipitation
Open Path CO2 Sensor	GMP 343		Range: 0-1000 ppm

• The PhenoTractor is fitted with a sensor frame that supports a real time kinematic (RTK) satellite navigation antenna, a sonar transducer, an infrared temperature (IRT) scanner, and three GreenSeeker crop sensing systems.

• UAV data: weekly flights with RGB and multispectral cameras

• Manually Collected Field Data - Data will are collected manually using standard field methods. These measurements are used to calibrate and validate phenotypes derived from sensor-collected data.

Controlled-environment phenotyping

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Missouri

The Bellwether Foundation Phenotyping Facility is a climate controlled 70 m2 growth house with a conveyor belt system for moving plants to and from fluorescence, color, and near infrared imaging cabinets. This automated, high-throughput platform allows repeated non-destructive time-series image capture and multi-parametric analysis of 1,140 plants in a single experiment.

Genomics

Genomic data includes whole-genome resequencing data from the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Alabama for 384 samples for accessions from the sorghum Bioenergy Association Panel (BAP) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data from Kansas State University for 768 samples from a population of sorghum recombinant inbred lines (RIL).